Gobble Gobble
It is the Thanksgiving holiday here in the U.S. (Canada already had Thanksgiving on Oct. 13th), and it seems like every year, when the second half of November starts rolling around, we get bombarded with facts and trivia about the Thanksgiving holiday. In a sense, this is in itself a Thanksgiving tradition.
So let’s talk turkey.

The turkey is native to North America (in fact it is the only poultry native to this continent), but most don’t seem to realize that the turkey we eat today is not the same animal as the one eaten by Native Americans. Turkeys are, to be specific, from Mexico, and were brought to Europe in the early 16th Century by the Spanish.
Once there, they were traded throughout Europe by the Turks. In fact, this is the most likely reason for the turkey’s name. Although the bird itself has nothing to do with the country of the same name, they were called “Turkie cocks” by the English quite simply because they got the birds from Turkish traders (to add to the confusion, this was also what they called the guinea fowl). This is why corn was originally known as “Turkie corn”- it was introduced and distributed around Europe by the Turks.
There is some debate about where the turkey actually got its name, but I must admit, this seems like the most plausible answer. Others claim that the name comes from the Native American name for the bird: furkee. Trouble is, this word has no known origins or meanings in any of the Algonquin languages. We only “know” that this is the Native American word for turkey because the Pilgrims said so. What likely happened is that the Native Americans did their best to pronounce the name of the strange fat bird that the Pilgrims brought with them from England.
Another theory is that the name comes from the Tamil word for a peacock: tuka. The claim here, is that Cristóbal Colón (AKA Columbus) believed that he had landed on India, and thus, mistook the birds he found inhabiting the land as a type of peacock (they are actually a type of pheasant). The trouble with this theory is that the Spanish already had a word for the domesticated peacock, so there would be no reason for Columbus to have chosen a word from an Indian language. Furthermore, we know that Columbus did not in fact call the birds he found “tuka”; instead, he called them “gallina de la tierra”, which is Spanish for “chicken of the earth” or “ground chicken”. It should be noted however, that the contemporary Spanish name for the turkey is “pavo”, which literally means “peacock”.
In most other languages and countries, the turkey is named after India, simply because it was brought from the Indies. However, in both Portuguese and in India itself, the bird is referred to as the “peru”, likely because of its sudden popularity in Portugal around the time Pizarro conquered Peru, and because the Portuguese are the ones responsible for introducing the bird to India (never mind the fact that it would be odd for Indians to refer to a non-native bird as an “Indian fowl”).
Scientifically, the bird is known as Meleagris gallopavo, which means “guinea-fowl chicken-peacock”. Clearly, scientists themselves had no idea what the hell a turkey is, and decided to cover their asses and name it after as many birds as possible.
Now, to get back to how and why the birds we eat today are different from the birds that were originally found in Mexico, we need to get back to those Turkish merchants. They did such a good job of spreading the bird throughout Europe, and popularizing its consumption, that by the end of the 16th Century, the turkey was a staple of English Christmas meals.
In Norfolk, farmers domesticated the bird, which up to this point, had been completely wild. They also worked on producing a larger and meatier turkey, which resulted in the Norfolk Black, and the White Holland. It was these two breeds that the Pilgrims reintroduced to North America. The birds that are traditionally eaten today have as much in common with the original animal as domestic pigs do with wild boar.
In summary:Turkey (the bird) was named after the country of the same name, and not the other way around. No one really knows what to call a turkey, because we are not entirely sure what it is. The Pilgrims are responsible for introducing the domestic turkey to New England. And turkeys are Mexican food.
Happy Thanksgiving!